本文目录导读：
我来提供几个Python获取本地信息的实用案例：
获取系统基本信息
import platform
import os
import sys
import socket
def get_system_info():
"""获取系统基本信息"""
info = {
"操作系统": platform.system(),
"操作系统版本": platform.version(),
"系统架构": platform.machine(),
"处理器": platform.processor(),
"主机名": socket.gethostname(),
"Python版本": sys.version,
"当前工作目录": os.getcwd(),
"用户名": os.getenv('USERNAME') or os.getenv('USER'),
}
for key, value in info.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
get_system_info()
获取网络信息
import socket
import netifaces
import psutil
def get_network_info():
"""获取网络信息"""
print("=== 网络接口信息 ===")
# 获取所有网络接口
interfaces = netifaces.interfaces()
for iface in interfaces:
print(f"\n接口: {iface}")
addrs = netifaces.ifaddresses(iface)
if netifaces.AF_INET in addrs:
for addr in addrs[netifaces.AF_INET]:
print(f" IP地址: {addr['addr']}")
print(f" 子网掩码: {addr['netmask']}")
if netifaces.AF_INET6 in addrs:
for addr in addrs[netifaces.AF_INET6]:
print(f" IPv6地址: {addr['addr']}")
print("\n=== 网络连接信息 ===")
try:
# 使用psutil获取网络连接
connections = psutil.net_connections()
print(f"当前连接数: {len(connections)}")
except:
print("需要管理员权限查看网络连接")
# 注意：需要安装 netifaces 和 psutil
# pip install netifaces psutil
获取磁盘信息
import psutil
import shutil
def get_disk_info():
"""获取磁盘信息"""
print("=== 磁盘信息 ===")
# 获取磁盘分区信息
partitions = psutil.disk_partitions()
for partition in partitions:
print(f"\n分区: {partition.device}")
print(f"挂载点: {partition.mountpoint}")
print(f"文件系统: {partition.fstype}")
try:
usage = shutil.disk_usage(partition.mountpoint)
total_gb = usage.total / (1024**3)
used_gb = usage.used / (1024**3)
free_gb = usage.free / (1024**3)
print(f"总大小: {total_gb:.2f} GB")
print(f"已用: {used_gb:.2f} GB")
print(f"可用: {free_gb:.2f} GB")
print(f"使用率: {(usage.used/usage.total*100):.1f}%")
except:
print("无法获取使用情况")
get_disk_info()
获取内存和CPU信息
import psutil
def get_performance_info():
"""获取性能信息"""
print("=== CPU信息 ===")
print(f"CPU核心数: {psutil.cpu_count()}")
print(f"CPU逻辑核心数: {psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)}")
print(f"CPU使用率: {psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)}%")
print(f"CPU频率: {psutil.cpu_freq().current:.2f} MHz")
print("\n=== 内存信息 ===")
memory = psutil.virtual_memory()
total_gb = memory.total / (1024**3)
available_gb = memory.available / (1024**3)
used_gb = memory.used / (1024**3)
print(f"总内存: {total_gb:.2f} GB")
print(f"可用内存: {available_gb:.2f} GB")
print(f"已用内存: {used_gb:.2f} GB")
print(f"内存使用率: {memory.percent}%")
print("\n=== 交换分区信息 ===")
swap = psutil.swap_memory()
print(f"交换分区使用率: {swap.percent}%")
get_performance_info()
获取进程信息
import psutil
def get_process_info():
"""获取进程信息"""
print("=== 进程信息 ===")
# 获取所有进程列表
processes = []
for proc in psutil.process_iter(['pid', 'name', 'memory_percent', 'cpu_percent']):
try:
processes.append(proc.info)
except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, psutil.AccessDenied):
pass
# 按内存使用排序
processes.sort(key=lambda x: x['memory_percent'], reverse=True)
print(f"\n前10个内存占用最高的进程:")
print(f"{'PID':<10} {'进程名':<30} {'CPU%':<10} {'内存%':<10}")
print("-" * 60)
for proc in processes[:10]:
print(f"{proc['pid']:<10} {proc['name'][:28]:<30} "
f"{proc.get('cpu_percent', 0):<10.2f} "
f"{proc['memory_percent']:<10.2f}")
get_process_info()
综合信息获取类
import platform
import psutil
import socket
import datetime
import cpuinfo
class LocalInfoCollector:
"""本地信息收集器"""
def __init__(self):
self.info = {}
def collect_basic_info(self):
"""收集基本信息"""
self.info['hostname'] = socket.gethostname()
self.info['system'] = platform.system()
self.info['version'] = platform.version()
self.info['architecture'] = platform.machine()
self.info['processor'] = platform.processor()
self.info['python_version'] = platform.python_version()
self.info['current_time'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
def collect_performance(self):
"""收集性能信息"""
self.info['cpu_count'] = psutil.cpu_count()
self.info['cpu_percent'] = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
memory = psutil.virtual_memory()
self.info['memory_total'] = f"{memory.total / (1024**3):.2f} GB"
self.info['memory_used'] = f"{memory.used / (1024**3):.2f} GB"
self.info['memory_percent'] = memory.percent
disk = psutil.disk_usage('/')
self.info['disk_total'] = f"{disk.total / (1024**3):.2f} GB"
self.info['disk_used'] = f"{disk.used / (1024**3):.2f} GB"
self.info['disk_percent'] = disk.percent
def print_all_info(self):
"""打印所有信息"""
print("=" * 50)
print(" 本地系统信息报告")
print("=" * 50)
for category, data in self.info.items():
if isinstance(data, dict):
print(f"\n{category}:")
for key, value in data.items():
print(f" {key}: {value}")
else:
print(f"{category}: {data}")
def get_info_dict(self):
"""返回信息字典"""
return self.info
# 使用示例
collector = LocalInfoCollector()
collector.collect_basic_info()
collector.collect_performance()
collector.print_all_info()
保存信息到文件
import json
import datetime
def save_info_to_file(info_dict, filename=None):
"""保存信息到JSON文件"""
if not filename:
timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
filename = f"system_info_{timestamp}.json"
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
json.dump(info_dict, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
print(f"信息已保存到: {filename}")
# 使用
collector = LocalInfoCollector()
collector.collect_basic_info()
collector.collect_performance()
save_info_to_file(collector.get_info_dict())
运行要求
大多数基础功能不需要额外安装,但以下功能需要安装第三方库：
# 安装psutil（推荐） pip install psutil # 安装netifaces（网络接口信息） pip install netifaces # 安装cpuinfo（详细CPU信息） pip install py-cpuinfo
这些示例涵盖了获取本地系统信息的主要方面,你可以根据自己的需求组合使用，如果是首次运行，建议从简单的开始，逐步增加功能。
标签： 系统调用